“Structure of preferences, decision-making and the environment. Theoretical and experimental approaches”
University of Paris Nanterre
Under the supervision of Alain Ayong Le Kama and Vincent Martinet
Ma thèse vise à analyser et stimuler deux déterminants à l'origine de l'hétérogénéité des décisions en lien avec l’environnement sous différentes approches de l’économie (théorique, appliquée, expérimentale). Le premier déterminant est la distribution temporelle des impacts environnementaux adoptée dans l’évaluation de projets (chapitre 3). L’exemple du changement d’affectation des sols (impliquant des émissions non uniformément réparties dans le temps) permet de mettre en évidence les potentielles erreurs de décision fondée sur une analyse coûts-bénéfices. Ceci est dû à l’hypothèse de distribution temporelle uniforme sous-jacente dans les politiques publiques. Le second déterminant est le rôle de la structure des préférences, (i.e. substituabilité/
My thesis aims to analyze and stimulate two determinants at the origin of the heterogeneity of decisions related to the environment under different approaches in economics (theoretical, applied, experimental). The first determinant is the temporal distribution of environmental impacts adopted in project evaluation (chapter 3). The example of land-use change (involving non-uniformly distributed emissions over time) highlights potential decision errors based on a cost-benefit analysis. This is due to the underlying uniform temporal distribution assumed in public policies dealing with land use change. The second determinant is the role of individuals’ preference structure, (i.e., substitutability / complementarity between consumption goods and environmental goods) in decision-making. Implicit assumptions about this (either substitutability or complementarity) in the literature are questioned. At the individual level (chapter 4), I show that assuming complementarity between private and environmental (public) goods, whatever the context, requires that the environmental good is a normal or luxury good, thus prohibiting the potential inferiority of the good, yet relevant in low-income contexts. Therefore, I develop a context-dependent model of substitutability, where the context stands for income and environmental quality. This theoretical development has implications for environmental valuation techniques and particularly for benefit transfers (of environmental benefits). Functional forms of utility which comply with the model are proposed. At the collective level (chapter 5), I relax the hypothesis of perfect substitutability (between private and public goods) which is implicit in public good games, in order to assess whether strategic behavior of individuals changes according to the assumed structure of preferences. In a public good game performed in a laboratory, I thus introduce heterogeneity in the structure of the preferences of individuals (complementarity vs substitutability) and analyze free-riding as well as inequality aversion, to conclude on these two aspects that the structure of preferences and its heterogeneity across individuals matters considerably in the provision of public (environmental) goods.
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